什么是 BaZi（四柱八字）？
BaZi (八字) 字面意思是“八个字”。它根据出生日期和时间，推导出 Year、Month、Day、Hour 四个柱。每个柱由一个 Heavenly Stem (天干 / Tiān Gān) 和一个 Earthly Branch (地支 / Dì Zhī) 组成。
这八个字用来描述出生时刻的五行气场，并进一步分析性格、事业、关系和人生周期。
基础元素
10 个 Heavenly Stems (天干)
| Stem | Pinyin | Element | Polarity |
|---|---|---|---|
| 甲 | Jiǎ | Wood | Yang |
| 乙 | Yǐ | Wood | Yin |
| 丙 | Bǐng | Fire | Yang |
| 丁 | Dīng | Fire | Yin |
| 戊 | Wù | Earth | Yang |
| 己 | Jǐ | Earth | Yin |
| 庚 | Gēng | Metal | Yang |
| 辛 | Xīn | Metal | Yin |
| 壬 | Rén | Water | Yang |
| 癸 | Guǐ | Water | Yin |
12 个 Earthly Branches (地支)
| Branch | Pinyin | Zodiac | Element |
|---|---|---|---|
| 子 | Zǐ | Rat | Water |
| 丑 | Chǒu | Ox | Earth |
| 寅 | Yín | Tiger | Wood |
| 卯 | Mǎo | Rabbit | Wood |
| 辰 | Chén | Dragon | Earth |
| 巳 | Sì | Snake | Fire |
| 午 | Wǔ | Horse | Fire |
| 未 | Wèi | Goat | Earth |
| 申 | Shēn | Monkey | Metal |
| 酉 | Yǒu | Rooster | Metal |
| 戌 | Xū | Dog | Earth |
| 亥 | Hài | Pig | Water |
六十甲子
10 个 Stems 和 12 个 Branches 按顺序组合，形成 60 个单位的循环。这是中国历法系统的基础，用来表示年、月、日、时。
循环从 甲子 (Jiǎ Zǐ) 开始，到 癸亥 (Guǐ Hài) 结束。要确定某一刻对应的 Stem-Branch，需要精确处理节气，尤其是月柱边界。
用 Python 计算四柱
Python 中最实用的方式是使用 lunar-python。它处理 Gregorian calendar、Chinese lunar calendar 和 sexagenary cycle 之间的转换。
安装
pip install lunar-python基础计算
from lunar_python import Solar
# Birth data: May 15, 1990 at 10:30 AM
year, month, day = 1990, 5, 15
hour, minute = 10, 30
# Create a Solar (Gregorian) date object
solar = Solar.fromYmdHms(year, month, day, hour, minute, 0)
# Convert to Lunar and then to BaZi (EightChar)
lunar = solar.getLunar()
eight_char = lunar.getEightChar()
# Extract the Four Pillars
print("Year Pillar:", eight_char.getYear()) # e.g., 庚午
print("Month Pillar:", eight_char.getMonth()) # e.g., 辛巳
print("Day Pillar:", eight_char.getDay()) # e.g., 丙寅
print("Hour Pillar:", eight_char.getTime()) # e.g., 癸巳输出：
Year Pillar: 庚午
Month Pillar: 辛巳
Day Pillar: 丙寅
Hour Pillar: 癸巳提取单独的 Stem 和 Branch
# Stems (天干)
print("Year Stem:", eight_char.getYearGan()) # 庚
print("Month Stem:", eight_char.getMonthGan()) # 辛
print("Day Stem:", eight_char.getDayGan()) # 丙
print("Hour Stem:", eight_char.getTimeGan()) # 癸
# Branches (地支)
print("Year Branch:", eight_char.getYearZhi()) # 午
print("Month Branch:", eight_char.getMonthZhi()) # 巳
print("Day Branch:", eight_char.getDayZhi()) # 寅
print("Hour Branch:", eight_char.getTimeZhi()) # 巳Hidden Stems (藏干)
每个 Earthly Branch 都包含隐藏天干。lunar-python 可以直接取出：
# Hidden stems for each pillar
print("Year Hidden:", eight_char.getYearHideGan()) # ['丁', '己']
print("Month Hidden:", eight_char.getMonthHideGan()) # ['丙', '庚', '戊']
print("Day Hidden:", eight_char.getDayHideGan()) # ['甲', '丙', '戊']
print("Hour Hidden:", eight_char.getTimeHideGan()) # ['丙', '庚', '戊']Ten Gods (十神)
Ten Gods 描述各柱元素和 Day Master 的关系，是 BaZi 解释的核心。
# The Day Master is the Day Stem
day_master = eight_char.getDayGan()
print(f"Day Master: {day_master}") # 丙 (Bing Fire)
# Ten Gods for each pillar's stem
print("Year Ten God:", eight_char.getYearShiShenGan()) # Direct Wealth
print("Month Ten God:", eight_char.getMonthShiShenGan()) # Indirect Wealth
print("Hour Ten God:", eight_char.getTimeShiShenGan()) # Direct Resource计算 Luck Cycle (大运)
10 年一轮的 Luck Pillars (Da Yun) 根据出生盘和性别计算：
# 1 = Male, 0 = Female
sex = 1
yun = eight_char.getYun(sex)
print(f"Luck cycle starts at age: {yun.getStartYear()}")
print(f"Direction: {'Forward' if yun.isForward() else 'Backward'}")
for da_yun in yun.getDaYun():
if da_yun.getIndex() == 0:
continue # Skip the base period
print(f"Age {da_yun.getStartAge()}-{da_yun.getEndAge()}: {da_yun.getGanZhi()}")时区和真太阳时
BaZi 计算里最容易出错的是本地时间。很多专业实践会使用 True Solar Time，也就是太阳实际位置对应的时间，而不是民用钟表时间。
核心步骤：
- Longitude Correction：按出生地在时区中的经度位置修正。
- Equation of Time：补偿地球轨道偏心率。
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
def get_true_solar_time(dt, longitude, timezone_meridian):
"""
Calculate True Solar Time from civil time.
Args:
dt: datetime object in local civil time
longitude: Birth location longitude (degrees, East positive)
timezone_meridian: Standard meridian for the timezone (e.g., 120 for UTC+8)
Returns:
Adjusted datetime representing True Solar Time
"""
# Longitude correction: 4 minutes per degree from standard meridian
long_correction_minutes = (longitude - timezone_meridian) * 4
# Equation of Time approximation (simplified)
# E = 9.87 * sin(2B) - 7.53 * cos(B) - 1.5 * sin(B)
import math
day_of_year = dt.timetuple().tm_yday
b = (2 * math.pi / 365) * (day_of_year - 81)
eot_minutes = 9.87 * math.sin(2*b) - 7.53 * math.cos(b) - 1.5 * math.sin(b)
total_correction = timedelta(minutes=long_correction_minutes + eot_minutes)
return dt + total_correction完整 chart 示例
from lunar_python import Solar
def calculate_bazi_chart(year, month, day, hour, minute, sex=1):
"""
Calculate a complete Bazi chart.
Returns a dictionary with all four pillars and their components.
"""
solar = Solar.fromYmdHms(year, month, day, hour, minute, 0)
lunar = solar.getLunar()
eight_char = lunar.getEightChar()
pillars = []
labels = ["year", "month", "day", "hour"]
stems = [
eight_char.getYearGan(),
eight_char.getMonthGan(),
eight_char.getDayGan(),
eight_char.getTimeGan()
]
branches = [
eight_char.getYearZhi(),
eight_char.getMonthZhi(),
eight_char.getDayZhi(),
eight_char.getTimeZhi()
]
for i, label in enumerate(labels):
pillars.append({
"label": label,
"stem": stems[i],
"branch": branches[i],
"pillar": f"{stems[i]}{branches[i]}"
})
return {
"day_master": eight_char.getDayGan(),
"pillars": pillars,
"lunar_date": f"{lunar.getYearInChinese()}年 {lunar.getMonthInChinese()}月 {lunar.getDayInChinese()}"
}
# Example usage
chart = calculate_bazi_chart(1990, 5, 15, 10, 30, sex=1)
print(f"Day Master: {chart['day_master']}")
print(f"Lunar Date: {chart['lunar_date']}")
for p in chart['pillars']:
print(f"{p['label'].capitalize()} Pillar: {p['pillar']}")自己算还是用 API？
自己用 Python 计算很适合学习，但生产应用还要处理：
- Maintenance：timezone 数据和规则会变化。
- Accuracy：True Solar Time 需要准确经纬度和高质量 ephemeris，例如 NASA JPL DE405。
- Complexity：Rat hour、Early vs Late limit、Blind Years 等边界需要领域知识。
如果你需要稳定精度和专业功能，专门的 API 会省掉很多维护工作。
Open Source Libraries
| Library | Purpose | License |
|---|---|---|
| lunar-python | Chinese calendar and Bazi calculations | MIT |
| pytz | Timezone handling | MIT |
| timezonefinder | Timezone lookup from coordinates | MIT |
试用免费 BaZi API
/api/v1/chinese/bazi endpoint 提供：
- Complete Four Pillars with Pinyin romanization
- Ten Gods relationships for every stem
- Hidden Stems with element analysis
- Symbolic Stars (Shen Sha) including Nobleman, Peach Blossom, and more
- Branch interactions: Combinations, Clashes, Harmonies, Punishments
- 10-year Luck Cycle calculation
- Professional features: Day Master strength, Chart Structure, Yong Shen analysis
快速示例
import requests
url = "https://api.freeastroapi.com/api/v1/chinese/bazi"
payload = {
"year": 1990,
"month": 5,
"day": 15,
"hour": 10,
"minute": 30,
"lat": 28.6139,
"lng": 77.2090,
"sex": "M",
"include_pinyin": True,
"include_stars": True,
"include_interactions": True,
"include_professional": True
}
headers = {
"Content-Type": "application/json",
"x-api-key": "YOUR_API_KEY"
}
response = requests.post(url, headers=headers, json=payload)
print(response.json())开始构建
学习阶段可以直接用 lunar-python。如果要做产品，用 Bazi API 处理计算，把时间花在界面、解释和用户体验上。